Compiler

The term compiler was coined by American computer scientist Grace Hopper, who designed one of the first compiler, A-0 in the early 1950s. A compiler is a program that translates a source program written in some high-level programming language (such as Java) into machine code for some computer architecture (such as the Intel Pentium architecture). The generated machine code can be later executed many times against different data time.

"Compiler is a program which takes as input a program of a high level language and produces object program in machine code"

Object program generated by compiler is machine dependent. It means that programs compiled for one type of machine will not run in another type. Therefore, every type of machine must have its personal compiler for a particular language. Machine independence is achieved by using standard higher-level language on different machines and converting them for use on specific machines through a compiler.

A compiler is a translator used to convert high-level programming language to low-level programming language.  It converts the whole program in one session and reports errors detected after the conversion.

• Compiler takes time to do its work as it translates high-level code to lower-level code all at once and then saves it to memory.
• A compiler is processor-dependent and platform-dependent.  But it has been addressed by a special compiler, a cross-compiler and a source-to-source compiler. 
• Before choosing a compiler, user has to identify first the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA), the operating system (OS) and the programming language that will be used to ensure that it will be compatible.

Example : Microsoft Visual Studio , GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) , Common Business Oriented Language (COBOL)

In the Question:

The term compiler was coined by American computer scientist____________, who designed one of the first compiler, A-0 in the early________

The Answer is Grace Hopper,1950.

Hence the Option B is Correct.

Compiler

The term compiler was coined by American computer scientist Grace Hopper, who designed one of the first compiler, A-0 in the early 1950s. A compiler is a program that translates a source program written in some high-level programming language (such as Java) into machine code for some computer architecture (such as the Intel Pentium architecture). The generated machine code can be later executed many times against different data time.

"Compiler is a program which takes as input a program of a high level language and produces object program in machine code"

Object program generated by compiler is machine dependent. It means that programs compiled for one type of machine will not run in another type. Therefore, every type of machine must have its personal compiler for a particular language. Machine independence is achieved by using standard higher-level language on different machines and converting them for use on specific machines through a compiler.

A compiler is a translator used to convert high-level programming language to low-level programming language.  It converts the whole program in one session and reports errors detected after the conversion.

• Compiler takes time to do its work as it translates high-level code to lower-level code all at once and then saves it to memory.
• A compiler is processor-dependent and platform-dependent.  But it has been addressed by a special compiler, a cross-compiler and a source-to-source compiler. 
• Before choosing a compiler, user has to identify first the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA), the operating system (OS) and the programming language that will be used to ensure that it will be compatible.

Example : Microsoft Visual Studio , GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) , Common Business Oriented Language (COBOL)

Advantages of the Compiler:

• The whole program is validated so there are no system errors.
• The executable file is enhanced by the compiler, so it runs faster.
• User do not have to run the program on the same machine it was created.

In the Question:

________________ converts the whole program in one session and reports errors detected after the conversion.

The Answer is Compiler.

Hence the Option B is Correct.

The term compiler was coined by American computer scientist Grace Hopper, who designed one of the first compiler, A-0 in the early 1950s. A compiler is a program that translates a source program written in some high-level programming language (such as Java) into machine code for some computer architecture (such as the Intel Pentium architecture). The generated machine code can be later executed many times against different data time.

Hence, option C is correct.